Mood disorders encompass a large group of disorders involving pathological mood and related disturbances. Text Revision ( DSM-IV-TR) divides mood disorders into two main categories: depressive disorders and bipolar disorders ( American Psychiatric Association [ APA],2000 ). Mood disorders are one of the most commonly occurring psychiatric-mental health disorders. Only alcoholism and phobias are more common.
Mood disorders can occur in any age group. Infants may exhibit signs of anaclitic depression ( withdrawal, nonresponsiveness, depression, and vulnerability to physical illness) or failure to thrive with anxiety, exhibiting behaviors such as hyperactivity, school phobia, or excessive clinging to parents. Adolescents experiencing depression may exhibit poor academic performance; sexual promiscuity, truancy, or running- away behavior; or attempt suicide .
Risk Factor for Mood disorders.
- Prior episodes of depression
- Family history of depressive disorders
- Prior suicide attempts
- Female gender
- Age of onset younger than 40 years
- Postpartum period
- Medical comorbidity associated with a high risk of depression
- Lack of social support
- Stressful life events
- Current alcohol or substance abuse or use of medication associate with a high risk of depression
- Presence of anxiety, eating disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, somatization disorder, personality disorder, grief, adjustment reactions. Depressive may coexist with other psychiatric conditions.
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